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Published Plesiosaur fossils found in the Sahara suggest they weren't just marine animals
(via sciencedaily.com) Fossils of small plesiosaurs, long-necked marine reptiles from the age of dinosaurs, have been found in a 100-million year old river system that is now Morocco's Sahara Desert. This discovery suggests some species of plesiosaur, traditionally thought to be sea creatures, may have lived in freshwater.
Published Early hunting, farming homogenized mammal communities of North America
(via sciencedaily.com) Whether by the spear or the plow, humans have been homogenizing the mammal communities of North America for 10,000-plus years, says a new analysis of 8,831 fossils representing 365 species.
Published New model developed to predict landslides along wildfire burn scars
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have augmented a physics-based numerical model to investigate and predict areas susceptible to debris flows. This augmented model eventually could be used in an early warning system for people living in high-risk areas, enabling them to evacuate before it's too late. Information from model simulations also could be used to design new infrastructure -- such as diversion bars that deflect fast-moving water away from homes and roads -- for high hazard zones.
Published Scientists discover places on the moon where it's always 'sweater weather'
(via sciencedaily.com) A team led by planetary scientists has discovered shady locations within pits on the moon that always hover around a comfortable 63 degrees Fahrenheit. The pits, and caves to which they may lead, would make safer, more thermally stable base camps for lunar exploration and long-term habitation than the rest of the moon's surface, which heats up to 260 degrees during the day and drops to 280 degrees below zero at night.
Published Improving image sensors for machine vision
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers highlight the latest nanostructured components integrated on image sensor chips that are most likely to make the biggest impact in multimodal imaging and detailed a promising approach to detect multiple-band spectra by fabricating an on-chip spectrometer. The developments could enable autonomous vehicles to see around corners instead of just a straight line, biomedical imaging to detect abnormalities at different tissue depths, and telescopes to see through interstellar dust.
Published Space study offers clearest understanding yet of the life cycle of supermassive black holes
(via sciencedaily.com) Supermassive black holes with varying light signatures are actually in different stages of the life cycle.
Published Heaviest neutron star to date is a 'black widow' eating its mate
(via sciencedaily.com) Millisecond pulsars spin far more rapidly than expected for a collapsed star. The best chance to study these neutron stars is to find a black widow system where the pulsar has evaporated and eaten much of its companion star. The Keck I telescope was just able to capture spectra of one such companion, allowing astronomers to weigh its pulsar. It's the heaviest found to date, and perhaps near the upper limit for a neutron star.
Published Smaller, stronger magnets could improve devices that harness the fusion power of the sun and stars
(via sciencedaily.com) PPPL researchers have found a way to build powerful magnets smaller than before, aiding the design and construction of machines that could help the world harness the power of the sun to create electricity without producing greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
Published Bioinspired protein creates stretchable 2D layered materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Nature creates layered materials like bone and mother-of-pearl that become less sensitive to defects as they grow. Now researchers have created, using biomimetic proteins patterned on squid ring teeth, composite layered 2D materials that are resistant to breaking and extremely stretchable.
Published Wine-drinkers of the world rejoice! New research finds key to billion-dollar problem
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Grapevine Trunk Diseases, or GTDs, are the bane of vineyard owners worldwide, and as of 2012, were responsible for more than $1.5 billion in annual economic damages. While researchers have long known that a host of pathogenic fungi combine to gang up on grapevines, the mechanics of how these GTD-causing fungi work has remained a mystery.
Published Study refutes claim that T. rex was three separate species
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study refutes a provocative claim made earlier this year that fossils classified as the dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex represent three separate species. The rebuttal finds that the earlier proposal lacks sufficient evidence to split up the iconic species.
Published For dairy farmers, where does the time go?
(via sciencedaily.com) Globally, dairy producers face increasing challenges regarding sustainability, including declining numbers of workers in the agricultural sector, while continuing to meet increasing demand for nutritious and affordable food. Dairy systems must now focus on more sustainable production that reflects economic, environmental, and social goals. A new report explores labor time-use on Irish pasture-based dairy farms in the busy spring and summer seasons.
Published New study challenges old views on what's 'primitive' in mammalian reproduction
(via sciencedaily.com) Which group of mammals has the more 'primitive' reproductive strategy -- marsupials, with their short gestation periods, or humans and other placental mammals, which have long gestation periods? For decades, biologists viewed marsupial reproduction as 'more primitive.' But scientists have discovered that a third group of mammals, the long-extinct multituberculates, had a long gestation period like placental mammals. Since multituberculates split off from the rest of the mammalian lineage before placentals and marsupials had even evolved, these findings question the view that marsupials were 'less advanced' than their placental cousins.
Published Floors in ancient Greek luxury villa were laid with recycled glass
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Several 1700 years old decorative mosaic floors have been excavated in a luxury villa located in present-day Turkey, once overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. New chemical analyzes reveal that recycled glass was used in laying the mosaic floors.
Published Explosive volcanic eruption produced rare mineral on Mars
(via sciencedaily.com) Planetary scientists have an answer to a mystery that's puzzled the Mars research community since NASA's Curiosity rover discovered a mineral called tridymite in Gale Crater in 2016.
Published New methodology helps predict soil recovery after wildfires
(via sciencedaily.com) A team of investigators devised a new methodology to enable predictions of how plant growth and water quality would change in the wake of wildfires.
Published Halos and dark matter: A recipe for discovery
(via sciencedaily.com) About three years ago, a team of astronomers went looking for the universe's missing mass, better known as dark matter, in the heart of an atom. Their expedition didn't lead them to dark matter, but they still found something that had never been seen before, something that defied explanation. Well, at least an explanation that everyone could agree on.
Published Chemists unlock secrets of molten salts
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have come up with a novel way to study the thermodynamic properties of molten salts, which are used in many nuclear and solar energy applications.
Published New method can improve explosion detection
(via sciencedaily.com) Computers can be trained to better detect distant nuclear detonations, chemical blasts and volcano eruptions by learning from artificial explosion signals, according to a new method.
Published Measuring the universe with star-shattering explosions
(via sciencedaily.com) Astronomers have analyzed archive data for powerful cosmic explosions from the deaths of stars and found a new way to measure distances in the distant Universe.