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Published A better way to quantify radiation damage in materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers find much of the damage inside nuclear reactors is so small that it has eluded previous tests. Their new tool provides a way to directly measure this damage, potentially opening a path for the safe operation of nuclear power plants far beyond their present licensed lifetimes.
Published Nanoscale observations simplify how scientists describe earthquake movement
(via sciencedaily.com) Using single calcite crystals with varying surface roughness allows engineers to simplify the complex physics that describes fault movement. Researchers now show how this simplification may lead to better earthquake prediction.
Published Where coral reefs may be buffered against warming oceans
(via sciencedaily.com) As warming ocean temperatures threaten the existence of coral reefs, scientists have successfully used an extremely high-resolution computer simulation of ocean circulation to identify possible 'thermal refugia' where these biodiverse ecosystems are more likely to survive.
Published Global spread of powdery mildew through migration and trade
(via sciencedaily.com) The worldwide distribution of one of the most important cereal pathogens is the result of human activity. Researchers have traced the history and spread of wheat powdery mildew along wheat trade routes and found that mixing of genetic ancestries of related powdery mildew species played a central role in the evolution and adaptation of the pathogen.
Published Volcanic super eruptions are millions of years in the making -- followed by swift surge
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have discovered that super-eruptions occur when huge accumulations of magma deep in the Earth's crust, formed over millions of years, move rapidly to the surface disrupting pre-existing rock.
Published This is how highly resistant strains of fungi emerge
(via sciencedaily.com) Antibiotic resistance is a matter of common knowledge. And the same phenomenon also occurs with drugs against pathogenic fungi. What causes it is still not very well understood.
Published Augmented reality could be the future of paper books, according to new research
(via sciencedaily.com) Augmented reality might allow printed books to make a comeback against the e-book trend, according to researchers.
Published Out with a bang: Explosive neutron star merger captured for the first time in millimeter light
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have recorded millimeter-wavelength light from a fiery explosion caused by the merger of a neutron star with another star. The team also confirmed this flash of light to be one of the most energetic short-duration gamma-ray bursts ever observed, leaving behind one of the most luminous afterglows on record.
Published Suspended sediment reduced by rapid revegetation after Fukushima decontamination
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have found that soil decontamination efforts following the Fukushima nuclear accident resulted in constant, high levels of suspended river sediment downstream, but a rapid decrease in the amount of particulate radiocesium. Additionally, the rapid recovery of vegetation reduced the duration of unsustainable sediment effects. Future remediation projects should assess the natural restoration ability of local landscapes, and include appropriate revegetation measures to reduce the effects on downstream environments.
Published Webb captures stellar gymnastics in the Cartwheel Galaxy
(via sciencedaily.com) NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has peered into the chaos of the Cartwheel Galaxy, revealing new details about star formation and the galaxy's central black hole.
Published Computer modelling aims to inform restoration, conservation of coral reefs
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has created a computer modelling program to help scientists predict the effect of climate damage and eventual restoration plans on coral reefs around the globe. This is a critical objective because climate change is killing many coral species and can lead to the collapse of entire coral reef ecosystems, according to researchers.
Published Optical imaging of dynamic interactions between molecules in a cell
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers develop the 'photoswitching fingerprint analysis'. A unique technology that for the first time allows the analysis of molecular processes and the regulation of individual proteins in living cells with sub-10 nm spatial resolution. The application ranges from biological to medical research.
Published We need to change how we think about soil
(via sciencedaily.com) With record temperatures this summer along with dry conditions, ongoing concerns about food security, wildlife habitats and biodiversity, having a healthy soil system is more vital and challenging than ever before. But what does the term 'soil health' mean and how should we measure it? New research says that how we think about, measure and study soil must be changed to give a better understanding of how to manage this resource effectively, with academics proposing an entirely new approach for assessing soil health.
Published Wildfires disproportionately affect the poor
(via sciencedaily.com) With fires raging from California to Alaska, the 2022 wildfire season is off to a violent start. It's an ominous sign of what promises to be another record-breaking fire season in the U.S. Roughly 2 million acres burned last month. And major fires are currently scorching Idaho, Utah and California, threatening tens of thousands of Americans' homes and livelihoods. Many of those at risk are lower-income Americans who face canceled homeowners insurance policies and rising premiums, according to new research.
Published What's new under the sun? Offering an alternate view on how 'novel' structures evolve
(via sciencedaily.com) New research provide evidence that the crustacean carapace, along with other plate-like structures in arthropods (crustaceans, insects, arachnids, and myriapods) all evolved from a lateral leg lobe in a common ancestor more than 500 million years ago. This work further supports their proposal for a new concept of how novel structures evolve -- one which suggests that they aren't so novel, after all.
Published Engineers repurpose 19th-century photography technique to make stretchy, color-changing films
(via sciencedaily.com) A new technique opens a door to manufacturing of pressure-monitoring bandages, shade-shifting fabrics, or touch-sensing robots
Published Modeling reveals how dwarf planet Ceres powers unexpected geologic activity
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source For a long time, our view of Ceres was fuzzy, according to a geoscientist. A dwarf planet and the largest body found in the asteroid belt -- the region between Jupiter and Mars speckled with hundreds of thousands of asteroids -- Ceres had no distinguishable surface features in existing telescopic observations from Earth.
Published Cloud study demystifies impact of aerosols
(via sciencedaily.com) Aerosol particles in the atmosphere have a bigger impact on cloud cover -- but less effect on cloud brightness -- than previously thought, new research shows.
Published Scientists reveal distribution of dark matter around galaxies 12 billion years ago -- further back in time than ever before
(via sciencedaily.com) Using Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation instead of visible light allows scientists to determine the distribution of dark matter several billion years earlier than previously possible.
Published Super-Earth skimming habitable zone of red dwarf
(via sciencedaily.com) A super-Earth planet has been found near the habitable zone of a red dwarf star only 37 light-years from the Earth. This is the first discovery by a new instrument on the Subaru Telescope and offers a chance to investigate the possibility of life on planets around nearby stars. With such a successful first result, we can expect that the Subaru Telescope will discover more, potentially even better, candidates for habitable planets around red dwarfs.