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Space: Structures and Features
Published

Stars determine their own masses      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Using new simulations, astrophysicists discovered that star formation is a self-regulatory process. In other words, stars themselves set their own masses. This helps explain why stars formed in disparate environments still have similar masses.

Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published

Ultrasound could save racehorses from bucked shins      (via sciencedaily.com) 

When racehorses enter training at about 2 years old, they can develop tiny stress fractures and new bone formations in their legs. This condition, called bucked shin, occurs in about 70% of the animals. Researchers have now developed a method to screen for bucked shin using ultrasound. Axial transmission, in which an ultrasound emitter and receiver are placed on the skin to induce and measure wave velocities, is frequently used to study osteoporosis in humans. The method could detect bucked shin more easily and preserve the health and growth of young horses.

Space: Structures and Features Space: The Solar System
Published

Planet formation: ALMA detects gas in a circumplanetary disk      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to study planet formation have made the first-ever detection of gas in a circumplanetary disk. What's more, the detection also suggests the presence of a very young exoplanet.

Biology: Microbiology
Published

Drought increases microbe-laden dust landing in Sierras      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Dust from all over the world is landing in the Sierra Nevada mountains carrying microbes that are toxic to both plants and humans. New research shows higher concentrations of the dust are landing at lower elevations, where people are more likely to be hiking.

Paleontology: Dinosaurs
Published

The speed at which spinosaurid dinosaur teeth were replaced accounts for their overabundance in Cretaceous sites      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Spinosaurid dinosaurs were able to develop up to three generations of teeth at the same time, a high replacement rate that explains why so many teeth of this type have been found in Cretaceous sites.

Energy: Nuclear
Published

Upgrade for magnetic resonance methods with a 1,000-fold amplifier      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers determine the structure and dynamics of proteins using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. Until now, however, much higher concentrations were necessary for in-vitro measurements of the biomolecules in solution than found in our body's cells. An NMR method enhanced by a very powerful amplifier, in combination with molecular dynamics simulation, now enables their detection and accurate characterization at physiological concentrations.

Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published

Leadership online: Charisma matters most in video communication      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Managers need to make a consistent impression in order to motivate and inspire people, and that applies even more to video communication than to other digital channels. Researchers investigated the influence that charismatic leadership tactics used in text, audio and video communication channels have on employee performance. They focused on mobile work and the gig economy, in which jobs are flexibly assigned to freelancers via online platforms.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

More wolves, beavers needed as part of improving western United States habitats      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Scientists are proposing management changes on western federal lands that they say would result in more wolves and beavers and would re-establish ecological processes.

Environmental: Wildfires
Published

Dry lightning sparks some of the most destructive and costly wildfires in California      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have developed the first long-term climatology of dry lightning -- lightning which occurs with less than 2.5mm of rainfall -- in central and northern California.

Space: Exploration
Published

Robotic motion in curved space defies standard laws of physics      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have proven that when bodies exist in curved spaces, they can in fact move without pushing against something.

Energy: Alternative Fuels
Published

New wind sensor uses smart materials to improve drone performance      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Engineers have designed and successfully tested a more efficient wind sensor for use on drones, balloons and other autonomous aircraft.

Anthropology: Early Humans
Published

No, the human brain did not shrink 3,000 years ago      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Did the 12th century B.C.E. -- a time when humans were forging great empires and developing new forms of written text -- coincide with an evolutionary reduction in brain size? Think again, says a team of researchers whose new paper refutes a hypothesis that's growing increasingly popular among the science community.

Space: Structures and Features
Published

Signs of disturbance in nearby dwarf galaxies indicate an alternative gravity theory      (via sciencedaily.com) 

According to the standard model of cosmology, the vast majority of galaxies are surrounded by a halo of dark matter particles. This halo is invisible, but its mass exerts a strong gravitational pull on galaxies in the vicinity. A new study challenges this view of the Universe. The results suggest that the dwarf galaxies of Earth's second closest galaxy cluster -- known as the Fornax Cluster -- are free of such dark matter halos.

Environmental: Wildfires
Published

Air pollution, including during wildfires, shows ill effects in children      (via sciencedaily.com) 

New research linking air pollution data from federal monitors in the Sacramento area of California, including during significant fires, is showing ill effects of pollution exposure among children, a new study suggests.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Oft-overlooked grasslands build biodiversity, resilience over centuries      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The restoration of grassland ecosystems may need more of a guided, hands-on approach over time, according to a new review of global conservation efforts.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Tracking nitrogen pollution      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Tropical coastal ecosystems are among the most biodiverse areas on Earth. And they're also on the front lines of effects caused by human activity. That's why it's becoming increasingly important, especially as human populations increase, to manage the impacts of runoff and wastewater that flow into the sea.

Mathematics: General
Published

Researchers discover major roadblock in alleviating network congestion      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers discovered that congestion control algorithms designed to ensure multiple users sending data over a network do so fairly are actually unable to avoid situations where some users are hogging all the bandwidth.

Computer Science: Virtual Reality (VR)
Published

New chip-based beam steering device lays groundwork for smaller, cheaper lidar      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have developed a new chip-based beam steering technology that provides a promising route to small, cost-effective and high-performance lidar systems. Lidar, which uses laser pulses to acquire 3D information about a scene or object, is used in a wide range of applications such as autonomous driving, free-space optical communications, 3D holography, biomedical sensing and virtual reality. Researchers describe their new chip-based optical phased array (OPA) that solves many of the problems that have plagued previous OPA designs.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Highest coral cover in central, northern Reef in 36 years      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The northern and central Great Barrier Reef have recorded their highest amount of coral cover since the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) began monitoring 36 years ago. However, average coral cover in the southern region decreased due to ongoing crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. While the Reef experienced its fourth major bleaching event in the past seven years this year, it didn't reach the intensity of earlier events and was not expected to lead to mass coral mortality.

Space: Exploration
Published

As reflective satellites fill the skies, students are making sure astronomers can adapt      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Students have completed a comprehensive brightness study to characterize mega-constellation satellites cluttering the skies.