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Published Study links epigenetic changes to historic trauma in Alaska Native communities
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers investigated the relationship between historical traumatic events experienced by Alaska Native communities and epigenetic markers on genes that previous studies have linked to trauma. The new study found a similar pattern among Alaska Native participants, with specific epigenetic differences observed in those who reported experiencing the most intense symptoms of distress when reflecting on historic losses.
Published Artificial intelligence could help build pollen jigsaw of present and ancient flora
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source An emerging system which combines rapid imaging with artificial intelligence could help scientists build a comprehensive picture of present and historic environmental change -- by swiftly and accurately analyzing pollen.
Published Beaver activity in the Arctic increases emission of methane greenhouse gas
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source The climate-driven advance of beavers into the Arctic tundra is causing the release of more methane -- a greenhouse gas -- into the atmosphere. Beavers, as everyone knows, like to make dams. Those dams cause flooding, which inundates vegetation and turns Arctic streams and creeks into a series of ponds. Those beaver ponds and surrounding inundated vegetation can be devoid of oxygen and rich with organic sediment, which releases methane as the material decays.
Published Mums exposed to air pollution give birth to smaller babies, but living in a greener area may mitigate the risks
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Women exposed to air pollution give birth to smaller babies, according to new research. The research also shows that women living in greener areas give birth to bigger babies and this may help counteract the effects of pollution.
Published Invasive alien species play key role in 60% of global plant and animal extinctions
(via sciencedaily.com) A new report presents major findings on the gravity of impacts from invasive alien species on our planet.
Published New at-home test for gingivitis protects oral health
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Engineers have developed a new device that can warn consumers about early risks of tooth decay from diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis.
Published Polymer that can be adapted to high and low temperature extremes created
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed two closely related polymers that respond differently to high and low temperature thresholds, despite their similar design. The polymer pair could be used in applications in medicine, protein synthesis, protective coatings and other fields.
Published New study reveals the power of railroads to buffer coal plants from a carbon emissions tax
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study suggests that railroads are likely to cut transportation prices to prop up coal-fired plants if U.S. climate policies further disadvantage coal in favor of less carbon-intensive energy sources.
Published Scientists unlock secrets of red blood cell transporter, potentially paving the way for new drugs
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have identified the structure of a special transporter found in red blood cells and how it interacts with drugs. Details on the findings could lead to the development of more targeted medicines. The research team found that this transporter facilitates the movement of a substance called bicarbonate, which certain drugs can inhibit. They discovered how these drugs block the transporter and devised novel compounds capable of achieving the same effect.
Published New bio-based glues form adhesive bonds that grow stronger in water
(via sciencedaily.com) Patent-pending adhesive formulations developed from fully sustainable, bio-based components establish bonds that grow stronger when underwater or exposed to wet conditions.
Published How to prevent biofilms in space
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source In experiments aboard the International Space Station, a surface treatment developed engineers prevented the growth of microbial biofims. These films can damage equipment and potentially cause illness.
Published Lack of evidence hampers progress on corporate-led ecosystem restoration
(via sciencedaily.com) An international team of scientists analysed publicly available sustainability reports released by 100 of the world's largest companies and found that around two-thirds of these global corporations are undertaking ecosystem restoration. However, the results highlight that despite many businesses claiming to actively rebuild damaged ecosystems, we know very little about what is actually being achieved.
Published Nudging food delivery customers to skip the fork drastically cuts plastic waste, study shows
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study examines how a food-delivery platform in China used 'green nudges' to increase the share of no-cutlery orders by 648 percent. Extending the changes to all of China would reduce 3.26 million metric tons of plastic waste and save 5.44 million trees each year.
Published First device to monitor transplanted organs detects early signs of rejection
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed the first electronic device for continuously monitoring the health of transplanted organs in real time. Sitting directly on a transplanted kidney, the ultrathin, soft implant can detect temperature irregularities associated with inflammation and other body responses that arise with transplant rejection. Then, it alerts the patient or physician by wirelessly streaming data to a nearby smartphone or tablet. In a rat study, it detected rejection up to three times earlier than blood biomarkers and biopsies.
Published Fiber from crustaceans, insects, mushrooms promotes digestion
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Crustaceans, insects and mushrooms are rich sources of the dietary fiber chitin, which activates the immune system and benefits metabolism, according to a new study in mice.
Published Echoes of extinctions: Novel method unearths disruptions in mammal trait-environment relationships
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New research explores the historical shifts in mammal traits and biodiversity loss in eastern Africa. The study reveals how environmental changes disrupted mammal communities and highlights the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to protect vulnerable species.
Published Dog diversity unveiled by international DNA database
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source An international consortium of scientists is using an unprecedentedly large database of canine DNA to take an unbiased look at how our furry friends evolved into the various breeds we know and love.
Published Online AI-based test for Parkinson's disease severity shows promising results
(via sciencedaily.com) A new artificial intelligence tool can help people with Parkinson's disease remotely assess the severity of their symptoms within minutes. While expert neurologists performed slightly better than the AI model, the AI model outperformed the primary care physicians with UPDRS certification.
Published Developing a less invasive test for inflammatory bowel disease
(via sciencedaily.com) Millions of Americans have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which occurs in one of two forms: Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Though the two have similar symptoms, they require different treatment strategies, and tests to distinguish between them are invasive. Researchers now show that chains of sugar molecules are tacked onto antibodies differently in patients with the diseases, which could someday lead to a simple blood-based diagnostic test.
Published Researchers grow embryonic humanized kidneys inside pigs for 28 days
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have successfully created chimeric embryos containing a combination of human and pig cells. When transferred into surrogate pig mothers, the developing humanized kidneys had normal structure and tubule formation after 28 days. This is the first time that scientists have been able to grow a solid humanized organ inside another species, though previous studies have used similar methods to generate human tissues such as blood or skeletal muscle in pigs.