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Published Study shows gaps in how STEM organizations collect demographic information
(via sciencedaily.com) Professional organizations in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields could more effectively collect data on underrepresented groups in their fields, according to a new survey. With more robust information, STEM organizations could better target efforts to recruit and retain a more diverse membership.
Published Volcano monitoring at Mount Etna using fiber optic cables
(via sciencedaily.com) In order to understand and predict volcanic events even better, a better understanding of the diverse underground processes involved is required. A new way to detect such processes, even if they are very subtle, is to use fiber optic cables as sensors. The analysis of light that is backscattered in them when the cables are deformed by vibrations, for example, has now made it possible for the first time to determine the volcanic signature of the Sicilian volcano Etna very precisely.
Published Ozone may be heating the planet more than we realize
(via sciencedaily.com) New research reveals ozone in the lower atmosphere in particular contributed to warming in the Southern Ocean - which absorbs much of the planet's excess heat - more than previously realized. The study shows that ozone is more than just a pollutant, but also may be playing a significant role in climate change.
Published Mercury has magnetic storms
(via sciencedaily.com) An international team of scientists has proved that Mercury, our solar system's smallest planet, has geomagnetic storms similar to those on Earth. Their finding, a first, answers the question of whether other planets, including those outside our solar system, can have geomagnetic storms regardless of the size of their magnetosphere or whether they have an Earth-like ionosphere.
Published Scavenger nanoparticles could make fuel cell-powered vehicles a reality
(via sciencedaily.com) Engineers have developed a material that could give fuel cell systems a competitive edge over the battery systems that currently power most electric vehicles.
Published Forensic scientists improve touch DNA collection methods
(via sciencedaily.com) Skin cells and their DNA varies between individuals, but new data shows that some groups of people have higher variability in their cell deposits. The South Australian forensic science researchers are building a suite of new insights into crime scene investigation -- including the difference between high, intermediate and low skin 'shedders' that will help understanding of trace or 'touch DNA'.
Published New method purifies hydrogen from heavy carbon monoxide mixtures
(via sciencedaily.com) Refining metals, manufacturing fertilizers and powering fuel cells for heavy vehicles are all processes that require purified hydrogen. But purifying, or separating, that hydrogen from a mix of other gases can be difficult, with several steps. Chemical engineers have now demonstrated that the process can be simplified using a pump outfitted with newly developed membrane materials.
Published Record broken: Hubble spots farthest star ever seen
(via sciencedaily.com) NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has established an extraordinary new benchmark: detecting the light of a star that existed within the first billion years after the universe's birth in the big bang -- the farthest individual star ever seen to date.
Published Deserts 'breathe' water vapor, study shows
(via sciencedaily.com) Deserts may seem lifeless and inert, but they are very much alive. Sand dunes, in particular, grow and move -- and according to a decades long research project, they also 'breathe' humid air.
Published Lottery luck in the light of physics: Researchers present theory on the dynamics of many-particle systems
(via sciencedaily.com) Power functional theory is a new approach that makes it possible to describe precisely the dynamics of many-particle systems over time.
Published The Rule of Two helps make spaces sound better
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers developed a new acoustic measurement technique in a room with more acoustic combinations than there are ants on Earth.
Published Researchers discover source of super-fast electron 'rain'
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have discovered a new source of super-fast, energetic electrons raining down on Earth's atmosphere, a phenomenon that contributes to the colorful aurora borealis and poses hazards to satellites, spacecraft and astronauts.
Published Drought alters Mammoth Mountain’s carbon dioxide emissions
(via sciencedaily.com) A study suggests the weight of snow and ice atop the Sierra Nevada affects a California volcano's carbon dioxide emissions, one of the main signs of volcanic unrest.
Published Mounds of ice in craters give new insight into Mars’ past climate
(via sciencedaily.com) Newly discovered deposits of layered ice in craters scattered around Mars' southern hemisphere provide insights into how the planet's orientation controlled the planet's climate over the past 4 million years, according to a new study. The findings help scientists understand what controlled Mars' past climate, which is essential for predicting when the planet could have been habitable.
Published Describing the devastating eruption in Tonga
(via sciencedaily.com) On January 15, the volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai devastated the nation of Tonga. The eruption triggered tsunamis as far afield as the Caribbean and generated atmospheric waves that travelled around the globe several times. Meanwhile, the volcano's plume shot gas and ash through the stratosphere into the lower mesosphere.
Published Fuel from waste wood
(via sciencedaily.com) According to the latest assessment report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions is required to limit the consequences of climate change. Producing fuel from renewable sources such as waste wood and straw or renewable electricity would be one way to reduce carbon emissions from the area of transportation.
Published Quantum information theory: Quantum complexity grows linearly for an exponentially long time
(via sciencedaily.com) Physicists know about the huge chasm between quantum physics and the theory of gravity. However, in recent decades, theoretical physics has provided some plausible conjecture to bridge this gap and to describe the behavior of complex quantum many-body systems -- for example, black holes and wormholes in the universe. Now, researchers have proven a mathematical conjecture about the behavior of complexity in such systems, increasing the viability of this bridge.
Published Methane could be the first detectable indication of life beyond Earth
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study assesses the planetary context in which the detection of methane in an exoplanet's atmosphere could be considered a compelling sign of life.
Published Ancient helium leaking from core offers clues to Earth's formation
(via sciencedaily.com) Helium-3, a rare isotope of helium gas, is leaking out of Earth's core, a new study reports. Because almost all helium-3 is from the Big Bang, the gas leak adds evidence that Earth formed inside a solar nebula, which has long been debated.
Published Chaos theory provides hints for controlling the weather
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have used computer simulations to show that weather phenomena such as sudden downpours could potentially be modified by making small adjustments to certain variables in the weather system. They did this by taking advantage of a system known as a 'butterfly attractor' in chaos theory, where a system can have one of two states -- like the wings of a butterfly -- and that it switches back and forth between the two states depending on small changes in certain conditions.