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Paleontology: Dinosaurs
Published

A new giant dinosaur gives insight into why many prehistoric meat-eaters had such tiny arms      (via sciencedaily.com) 

An international team has discovered a new big, meat-eating dinosaur, dubbed Meraxes gigas, that provides clues about the evolution and anatomy of predatory dinosaurs such as the Carcharodontosaurus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Meraxes measured around 36 feet from snout to tail tip and weighed approximately 9,000 pounds.

Anthropology: Early Humans
Published

The importance of elders      (via sciencedaily.com) 

In a new paper, researchers challenge the longstanding view that the force of natural selection in humans must decline to zero once reproduction is complete. They assert that a long post-reproductive lifespan is not just due to recent advancements in health and medicine. The secret to our success? Our grandparents.

Archaeology: General
Published

Unlocking the secrets of the ancient coastal Maya      (via sciencedaily.com) 

After more than a decade of research, scientists share what they have learned about the people who lived on a stretch of coastline in Quintana Roo Mexico over a span of 3,000 years.

Engineering: Graphene
Published

Thin mica shows semiconducting behavior, say scientists in new study      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Muscovite mica (MuM) is a highly stable mineral that is commonly used as an insulator. However, the electrical properties of single-layer and few-layered MuM are not well understood. Now, a group of researchers reports and explains unusually high conductivity in MuM flakes that are only a few molecule layers thick. Their findings could open doors to the development of two-dimensional electronic devices that are robust against harsh environments.

Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published

Scientists invent 'quantum flute' that can make particles of light move together      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Physicists have invented a 'quantum flute' that, like the Pied Piper, can coerce particles of light to move together in a way that's never been seen before.

Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Fiber optic sensing detects tremor from Icelandic subglacial volcano      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers used a fiber optic cable on the ice cap of an Icelandic subglacial volcano to detect low-frequency volcanic tremor, suggesting this technology could be useful in monitoring other ice-covered volcano systems.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Birdwatching brings millions of dollars to Alaska      (via sciencedaily.com) 

New research found that nearly 300,000 birders traveled to the state and spent about $378 million in 2016. Birdwatching supported roughly 4,300 jobs in Alaska that year.

Energy: Alternative Fuels
Published

Solar-powered chemistry uses carbon dioxide and water to make feedstock for fuels, chemicals      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Solar-powered synthesis gas could recycle carbon dioxide into fuels and useful chemicals, an international team of researchers has shown.

Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Volcano's eruption will help scientists plot weather, climate      (via sciencedaily.com) 

As it captivated people around the world, the January eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano gave scientists a once-in-a-lifetime chance to study how the atmosphere works, unlocking keys to better predict the weather and changing climate.

Space: Structures and Features
Published

Shedding new light on dark matter      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A team of physicists has developed a method for predicting the composition of dark matter -- invisible matter detected only by its gravitational pull on ordinary matter and whose discovery has been long sought by scientists.

Energy: Alternative Fuels
Published

Caught in the act: Key chemical intermediates in pollutant-to-fuel reaction identified      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers identified chemical intermediates in the hydrogenation of copper-adsorbed formate. Depending on the temperature, some of the hydrogenation product decomposed into formaldehyde. The activation energy was also quantified, based on experimental and computational work. These results will be useful for optimizing production of methanol fuel from carbon dioxide.

Space: Structures and Features
Published

8000 kilometers per second: Star with the shortest orbital period around black hole discovered      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A newly discovered star only takes four years to travel around the black hole at the center of our galaxy.

Archaeology: General
Published

Study points to Armenian origins of ancient crop with aviation biofuel potential      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Camelina, an oilseed plant grown in modern-day Ukraine, may have been a more important and widespread crop than previously thought. New findings could inform breeding programs to improve this crop for biofuels applications.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Arctic temperatures are increasing four times faster than global warming      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new analysis of observed temperatures shows the Arctic is heating up more than four times faster than the rate of global warming. The trend has stepped upward steeply twice in the last 50 years, a finding missed by all but four of 39 climate models.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Discovery reveals large, year-round ozone hole over tropics      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientist reveal a large, all-season ozone hole in the lower stratosphere over the tropics comparable in depth to that of the well-known springtime Antarctic hole, but roughly seven times greater in area. The observed data agree well with the cosmic-ray-driven electron reaction (CRE) model and strongly indicate the identical physical mechanism working for both Antarctic and tropical ozone holes.

Energy: Fossil Fuels
Published

Why natural gas is not a bridge technology      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The expansion of natural gas infrastructure jeopardizes energy transition, as natural gas is not a bridge technology towards a 100 per cent renewable energy system as defined by the Paris Climate Agreement. The researchers have examined the natural gas issue from five perspectives and given gas a fairly poor climate balance, comparable to that of coal or oil. They recommend that politicians and scientists revise the current assumptions about natural gas.

Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds
Published

Coevolution of mammals and their lice      (via sciencedaily.com) 

According to a new study, the first louse to take up residence on a mammalian host likely started out as a parasite of birds. That host-jumping event tens of millions of years ago began the long association between mammals and lice, setting the stage for their coevolution and offering more opportunities for the lice to spread to other mammals.

Anthropology: Early Humans Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds
Published

How placentas evolved in mammals      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The fossil record tells us about ancient life through the preserved remains of body parts like bones, teeth and turtle shells. But how to study the history of soft tissues and organs, which can decay quickly, leaving little evidence behind? In a new study, scientists use gene expression patterns, called transcriptomics, to investigate the ancient origins of one organ: the placenta, which is vital to pregnancy.

Paleontology: Dinosaurs
Published

Dinosaurs took over amid ice, not warmth, says a new study of ancient mass extinction      (via sciencedaily.com) 

There is new evidence that ancient high latitudes, to which early dinosaurs were largely relegated, regularly froze over, and that the creatures adapted -- an apparent key to their later dominance.

Mathematics: General
Published

Advocating a new paradigm for electron simulations      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers improve a widely used simulation method for high-performance computing clusters.