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Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

NASA schedules PUNCH mission to launch in 2025      (via sciencedaily.com) 

More than 60 engineers and scientists are gathering at Southwest Research Institute Aug. 23-24 to kick off the launch vehicle collaboration for NASA's Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission. PUNCH, which will study the inception of the solar wind, has secured its ride into Earth orbit aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9, sharing a ride into space with NASA's Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Re-ionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) mission.

Anthropology: Cultures Anthropology: Early Humans
Published

Study of ancient skulls sheds light on human interbreeding with Neanderthals      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Research has established that there are traces of Neandertal DNA in the genome of modern humans. Now an exploratory study that assessed the facial structure of prehistoric skulls is offering new insights, and supports the hypothesis that much of this interbreeding took place in the Near East -- the region ranging from North Africa to Iraq.

Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds
Published

Ocean cooling over millennia led to larger fish      (via sciencedaily.com) 

To investigate whether paleoclimatic temperature shifts are correlated with body size changes, biologists decided to test this hypothesis using tetraodontiform fishes as a model group.

Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Saturn V was loud but didn't melt concrete      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Abundant internet claims about the acoustic power of the Saturn V suggest that it melted concrete and lit grass on fire over a mile away, but such ideas are undeniably false. Researchers used a physics-based model to estimate the rocket's acoustic levels and obtained a value of 203 decibels, which matched the limited data from the 1960s. So, while the Saturn V was extremely loud, that kind of power is nowhere near enough to melt concrete or start grass fires.

Energy: Alternative Fuels
Published

Wind turbine blades could someday be recycled into sweet treats      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Wind power is an increasingly popular form of renewable energy. But when it's time to replace the huge turbine blades that convert wind into electricity, disposal is a problem. Today, scientists report a new composite resin for making these behemoths that could later be recycled into new turbine blades or many other products, including countertops, car taillights, diapers and even gummy bears.

Energy: Nuclear Engineering: Graphene
Published

The electron slow motion: Ion physics on the femtosecond scale      (via sciencedaily.com) 

How do different materials react to the impact of ions? This is a question that plays an important role in many areas of research -- for example in nuclear fusion research, when the walls of the fusion reactor are bombarded by high-energy ions. However, it is difficult to understand the temporal sequence of such processes. A research group has now succeeded in analyzing on a time scale of one femtosecond what happens to the individual particles involved when an ion penetrates materials such as graphene or molybdenum disulphide.

Engineering: Graphene
Published

Microscopic color converters move small laser-based devices closer to reality      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have used an atomically thin material to build a device that can change the color of laser beams. Their microscopic device -- a fraction of the size of conventional color converters -- may yield new kinds of ultra-small optical circuit chips and advance quantum optics.

Energy: Fossil Fuels Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Sulfur shortage: A potential resource crisis looming as the world decarbonizes      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study highlights that global demand for sulfuric acid is set to rise significantly from '246 to 400 million tons' by 2040 -- a result of more intensive agriculture and the world moving away from fossil fuels. A projected shortage of sulfuric acid, a crucial chemical in our modern industrial society, could stifle green technology advancement and threaten global food security, according to a new study.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Wave created by Tonga volcano eruption reached 90 meters -- nine times taller than 2011 Japan tsunami      (via sciencedaily.com) 

New research reveals more about the magnitude of January eruption, as researchers call for better preparedness The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano in January created an initial wave 90 meters high -- almost the height of the Statue of Liberty (93m). Tsunami expert calls for better warning systems to detect volcanic eruptions, saying systems are '30 years behind' comparable earthquake detection tools.

Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Which animals can best withstand climate change?      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study investigates how different mammals react to climate change. Animals that live for a long time and/or produce less offspring -- like bears and bison -- are more resilient than small animals with a short life -- like mice and lemmings.

Archaeology: General
Published

Medieval monks were 'riddled with parasites'      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Research examining traces of parasites in medieval Cambridge residents suggests that monks were almost twice as likely as ordinary townspeople to have intestinal worms -- despite monasteries of the period typically having far more sanitary facilities.

Environmental: Wildfires
Published

Wildfire experts provide guidance for new research directions      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new paper by dozens of wildfire experts across the nation highlights the need for a more strategic and interdisciplinary approach to pursuing wildfire research and protecting vulnerable communities.

Energy: Alternative Fuels
Published

Report highlights technology advancement and value of wind energy      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Wind energy continues to see strong growth, solid performance, and attractive prices in the U.S., according to a recent report.

Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Risk of volcano catastrophe 'a roll of the dice'      (via sciencedaily.com) 

While funding is pumped into preventing low-probability scenarios such as asteroid collision, the far more likely threat of a large volcanic eruption is close to ignored -- despite much that could be done to reduce the risks, say researchers.

Space: Exploration
Published

Seeing universe's most massive known star      (via sciencedaily.com) 

By harnessing the capabilities of the Gemini South telescope in Chile, astronomers have obtained the sharpest image ever of the star R136a1, the most massive known star in the universe. Their research challenges our understanding of the most massive stars and suggests that they may not be as massive as previously thought.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

As oceans warm, snapping shrimp sound a warning      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists have confirmed their previous observations that rising temperatures increase the sound of snapping shrimp, a tiny crustacean found in temperate and tropical coastal marine environments around the world.

Space: Exploration
Published

Compact QKD system paves the way to cost-effective satellite-based quantum networks      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers report an experimental demonstration of a space-to-ground quantum key distribution (QKD) network using a compact QKD terminal aboard the Chinese Space Lab Tiangong-2 and four ground stations. The demonstration represents an important step toward practical QKD based on constellations of small satellites, a setup considered one of the most promising routes to creating a global quantum communication network.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Breaking in a new planet      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Impacts affect the porosity and structure of moons and planets more dramatically than scientists suspected, increasing their potential habitability for life. Studying how those impacts affect planetary bodies, asteroids, moons and other rocks in space helps planetary scientists understand extraplanetary geology, especially where to look for precious matter including water, ice and even, potentially, microbial life.

Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Snow research fills gap in understanding Arctic climate      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Comprehensive data from several seasons of field research in the Alaskan Arctic will address uncertainties in Earth-system and climate-change models about snow cover across the region and its impacts on water and the environment.

Space: Structures and Features
Published

ESO telescope images a spectacular cosmic dance      (via sciencedaily.com) 

ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has imaged the result of a spectacular cosmic collision -- the galaxy NGC 7727. This giant was born from the merger of two galaxies, an event that started around a billion years ago. At its center lies the closest pair of supermassive black holes ever found, two objects that are destined to coalesce into an even more massive black hole.