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Published Hubble captures three faces of evolving supernova in early universe
(via sciencedaily.com) Three different moments in a far-off supernova explosion were captured in a single snapshot by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The star exploded more than 11 billion years ago, when the universe was less than a fifth of its current age of 13.8 billion years.
Published Scientists promote FAIR standards for managing artificial intelligence models
(via sciencedaily.com) Computational scientists adopt new framework for making AI models more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.
Published Thirsty wheat needed new water management strategy in ancient China
(via sciencedaily.com) Research shows that a practice of purposeful water management, or irrigation, was adopted in northern China about 4,000 years ago as part of an effort to grow new grains that had been introduced from southwest Asia. But the story gets more complex from there. Wheat and barley arrived on the scene at about the same time, but early farmers only used water management techniques for wheat. The results raise awareness that the dispersal of domesticated crops and the knowledge of best using them can be traced independently across time and space.
Published A supernova in distant space allows us to understand the origin of the elements in the universe
(via sciencedaily.com) A supernova is a stellar explosion, which occurs when the lives of some really massive stars come to an end. In this violent epilogue, the star expels the material from its outer layers by means of a shock wave, allowing us to see the various elements it was composed of.
Published NASA's MAVEN observes Martian light show caused by major solar storm
(via sciencedaily.com) For the first time in its eight years orbiting Mars, NASA's MAVEN mission witnessed two different types of ultraviolet aurorae simultaneously, the result of solar storms that began on Aug. 27.
Published Mimicking life: Breakthrough in non-living materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have discovered a new process that uses fuel to control non-living materials, similar to what living cells do. The reaction cycle can easily be applied to a wide range of materials and its rate can be controlled -- a breakthrough in the emerging field of such reactions. The discovery is a step towards soft robotics; soft machines that can sense what is happening in their environment and respond accordingly.
Published Death of a star reveals midsize black hole lurking in a dwarf galaxy
(via sciencedaily.com) An intermediate-mass black hole lurking undetected in a dwarf galaxy revealed itself to astronomers when it gobbled up an unlucky star that strayed too close. The shredding of the star, known as a 'tidal disruption event' or TDE, produced a flare of radiation that briefly outshone the combined stellar light of the host dwarf galaxy and could help scientists better understand the relationships between black holes and galaxies.
Published Previously unseen processes reveal path to better rechargeable battery performance
(via sciencedaily.com) To design better rechargeable ion batteries, engineers and chemists have collaborated to combine a powerful new electron microscopy technique and data mining to visually pinpoint areas of chemical and physical alteration within ion batteries.
Published Automated system to detect compressed air leaks on trains
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a proof-of-concept system to autonomously detect compressed air leaks on trains and relay the location of the leaks to mechanical personnel for repair. The automated system could reduce the time, costs and labor needed to find and repair air leaks, and it could lower the locomotive industry's overall fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.
Published Using 1980s environmental modeling to mitigate future disasters: Could Japan's 3/11 disaster have been prevented?
(via sciencedaily.com) On March 11, 2011, multiple catastrophes in Japan were triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake, including the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. This event, also known as the 3/11 disaster, is what is known as a compound disaster. Now that over a decade has passed since this event, researchers are investigating how to prevent the next compound disaster.
Published Low levels of air pollution deadlier than previously thought
(via sciencedaily.com) The World Health Organization's most recent estimates (2016) are that over 4.2 million people die prematurely each year due to long-term exposure to fine particulate outdoor air pollution (often referred to as PM2.5,). A recent study now suggests that the annual global death toll from outdoor PM2.5 may be significantly higher than previously thought. That's because the researchers found that mortality risk was increased even at very low levels of outdoor PM2.5, ones which had not previously been recognized as being potentially deadly, causing as many as 1.5 million additional deaths around the globe each year.
Published Growing pure nanotubes is a stretch, but possible
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have published a new theory for making batches of carbon nanotubes with a single, desired chirality. Their method could simplify purification of nanotubes that are all metallic or all semiconductors.
Published New pterosaur species found in sub-Saharan Africa
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source With wings spanning nearly 16 feet, a new species of pterosaurs has been identified from the Atlantic coast of Angola.
Published Toxic cooking fumes cause life-threatening complications in pregnant women with high blood pressure
(via sciencedaily.com) Exposure to indoor household pollution has been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes for women in low- and middle-income countries in a new study.
Published Material separates heavy water from ordinary water
(via sciencedaily.com) A research group has made a material that can effectively separate heavy water from normal water at room temperature. Until now, this process has been very difficult and energy intensive. The findings have implications for industrial -- and even biological -- processes that involve using different forms of the same molecule.
Published Red-supergiant supernova: Secrets of an earlier Universe
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source An international research team has measured the size of a star dating back more than 11 billion years ago using images that show the evolution of the star exploding and cooling. The research could help scientists learn more about the early Universe.
Published Evolution of tree roots may have driven mass extinctions
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A study has found evidence that the evolution of tree roots over 300 million years ago triggered mass extinction events through the same chemical processes created by pollution in modern oceans and lakes.
Published Study uncovers widespread and ongoing clearcutting of Swedish old forests
(via sciencedaily.com) Almost one fourth of Sweden's last unprotected old-growth forest was logged between 2003 and 2019. At this rate, all of these ecologically unique and valuable forests will be lost in about 50 years. These findings add to the growing body of evidence for widespread cryptic forest degradation across the global north.
Published Air pollution threatens natural pest control methods in sustainable farming
(via sciencedaily.com) When fields of oilseed rape are exposed to diesel exhaust and/or ozone -- both found in emissions from diesel burning vehicles and industry -- the number of parasitic insects available to control aphids drops significantly, according to research published today.
Published First sentence ever written in Canaanite language discovered: Plea to eradicate beard lice
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have unearthed an ivory comb from 1700 BCE inscribed with a plea to eradicate lice. The finding provides direct evidence for the use of the Canaanite alphabet in daily activities some 3700 years ago.