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Categories: Geoscience: Environmental Issues, Geoscience: Landslides
Published In poplars, two plant hormones boost each other in defense against pathogenic fungi
(via sciencedaily.com) In contrast to previous assumptions, the defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid do not always suppress each other in regulating plant chemical defenses against pests and pathogens. In trees, the interplay of both hormones can actually increase plant resistance.
Published Lesser known ozone layer's outsized role in planet warming
(via sciencedaily.com) New research has identified a lesser-known form of ozone playing a big role in heating the Southern Ocean -- one of Earth's main cooling systems.
Published With dwindling water supplies, the timing of rainfall matters
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study shows it's not how much extra water you give your plants, but when you give it that counts. Researchers observed that in summer, plants grow more when given extra water, in addition to any natural rainfall. However, the same is not true in winter.
Published Exposure assessment for Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Health outcomes
(via sciencedaily.com) Mathematicians have developed statistical methods that lay the framework for the crucial first step of determining whether there are any linkages between exposures and health outcomes from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which is considered the largest marine oil spill in the history of the U.S.
Published A 4 V-class metal-free organic lithium-ion battery gets closer to reality
(via sciencedaily.com) Organic, metal free, high-energy batteries are a pathway to a greener future. Yet scientists have struggled to find ways to boost the voltage in organic lithium-ion batteries. Now, a study has proposed a small organic molecule known as croconic acid that can maintain a working voltage of around 4 Volts.
Published How plants activate their immune system against pathogens in rain
(via sciencedaily.com) A recent study has revealed that when plants are exposed to rain, hair-like structures on the leaf surface called trichomes recognize this rain as a risk factor for causing disease and activate their immune system to prevent infections. These findings could contribute to the development of methods to protect plants from infectious diseases caused by rain.
Published Earthworms like to eat some plastics, but side effects of their digestion are unclear
(via sciencedaily.com) Earthworms are a welcome sight for gardeners and farmers because the wriggling invertebrates recycle nutrients from soil, making them more accessible to plants. As worms burrow, they consume almost everything in their path, including microscopic plastic pollution. Now, researchers have observed that earthworms actually prefer soil with some types of microplastics but digest the polymers differently, which the team suggests could impact the animals' health and the ecosystem.
Published Flood risk for Iowa farmland
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have created a detailed set of maps examining the flood risk for all farmland in Iowa. The maps show 450,000 acres of crops in areas with a 50% chance of flooding, and losses from flooding averaging $230 million annually.
Published Drenching rains to pose greater threat to fire-damaged areas in West
(via sciencedaily.com) The western United States this century is facing a greatly heightened risk of heavy rains inundating areas recently scarred by wildfires, new research warns. Such events can cause significant destruction, including debris flows, mudslides, and flash floods, because the denuded landscape cannot easily contain the drenching moisture.
Published Ozone may be heating the planet more than we realize
(via sciencedaily.com) New research reveals ozone in the lower atmosphere in particular contributed to warming in the Southern Ocean - which absorbs much of the planet's excess heat - more than previously realized. The study shows that ozone is more than just a pollutant, but also may be playing a significant role in climate change.
Published Smoke from major wildfires destroys the ozone layer
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study shows that smoke from wildfires destroys the ozone layer. Researchers caution that if major fires become more frequent with a changing climate, more damaging ultraviolet radiation from the sun will reach the ground.
Published Ancient ice reveals scores of gigantic volcanic eruptions
(via sciencedaily.com) Ice cores drilled in Antarctica and Greenland have revealed gigantic volcanic eruptions during the last ice age. Sixty-nine of these were larger than any eruption in modern history. According to the physicists behind the research, these eruptions can teach us about our planet's sensitivity to climate change.
Published Following rain, desert microbes exhale potent greenhouse gas
(via sciencedaily.com) New research shows how, after it rains, microbes in desert soil convert one form of pollution into another -- laughing gas.
Published Natural gas flares likely source of respiratory illness spike
(via sciencedaily.com) Flaring of natural gas from oil wells appeared to cause an increase of around 11,000 hospital visits for respiratory reasons in North Dakota, US, up to 60 miles away from oil drilling sites.
Published Study of algae in Acadia National Park lakes shows recovery from acidification
(via sciencedaily.com) Research shows that federal regulations to reduce human-caused sulfur in the atmosphere have aided in the recovery of algal ecosystems for two lakes in Acadia National Park. However, the study also shows that the warming climate negatively impact certain types of lakes more than others, which could affect future ecosystem recovery.
Published Overlooked channels influence water flow and flooding along Gulf Coast
(via sciencedaily.com) An unnoticed network of channels is cutting across the coastal plain landscape along the Gulf Coast and influencing how water flows, according to new research that could help predict flooding from major storms in the future.
Published Chemical link between wildfire smoke and ozone depletion
(via sciencedaily.com) Atmospheric chemists have found that the smoke from Australia's 'Black Summer' wildfires set off chemical reactions in the stratosphere that contributed to the destruction of ozone. The study is the first to establish a chemical link between wildfire smoke and ozone depletion.
Published Basis for next-gen bioprocesses
(via sciencedaily.com) Succinic acid is an important precursor for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and also serves as a component in biodegradable plastics. It is currently derived mainly from petroleum-based processes. Researchers are using the marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens as a biocatalyst. This could permit the production of succinic acid in sustainable processes using renewable raw materials.
Published US flood damage risk is underestimated
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers found a high probability of flood damage -- including monetary damage, human injury and loss of life -- for more than a million square miles of land across the United States across a 14-year period.
Published U.S. coastline to see up to a foot of sea level rise by 2050
(via sciencedaily.com) The United States is expected to experience as much sea level rise by the year 2050 as it witnessed in the previous hundred years. That's according to a NOAA-led report updating sea level rise decision-support information for the U.S. released in partnership with half a dozen other U.S.federal agencies.