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Categories: Biology: Microbiology, Engineering: Graphene
Published Wine-drinkers of the world rejoice! New research finds key to billion-dollar problem
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Grapevine Trunk Diseases, or GTDs, are the bane of vineyard owners worldwide, and as of 2012, were responsible for more than $1.5 billion in annual economic damages. While researchers have long known that a host of pathogenic fungi combine to gang up on grapevines, the mechanics of how these GTD-causing fungi work has remained a mystery.
Published Buckyballs on gold are less exotic than graphene
(via sciencedaily.com) C60 molecules on a gold substrate appear more complex than their graphene counterparts, but have much more ordinary electronic properties. This is now shown by measurements with ARPES at BESSY II and detailed calculations.
Published New research furthers understanding of the electronic structure of graphite
(via sciencedaily.com) Graphite is an incredibly important, versatile mineral, with uses spanning industries. Graphite is an essential component of many batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, and demand is only increasing as new technology is developed. Surprisingly, no spectroscopic studies have so far accurately measured the electronic states of the surface and the edge of graphite from a microscopic point of view. Indeed, the improvement in battery performance depends largely on the control of the characteristics of the graphite at the tip.
Published Researcher uses graphene for same-time, same-position biomolecule isolation and sensing
(via sciencedaily.com) New research has overcome a major challenge to isolating and detecting molecules at the same time and at the same location in a microdevice. The work demonstrates an important advance in using graphene for electrokinetic biosample processing and analysis and could allow lab-on-a-chip devices to become smaller and achieve results faster.
Published Research team accelerates imaging techniques for capturing small molecules' structures
(via sciencedaily.com) A new research effort is accelerating imaging techniques to visualize structures of small molecules clearly -- a process once thought impossible. Their discovery unleashes endless potential in improving everyday life applications -- from plastics to pharmaceuticals.
Published Flashing creates hard-to-get 2D boron nitride
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Chemists use their flash Joule heating process to synthesize 2D flakes of boron nitride and boron carbon nitride, highly valued for lending thermal and chemical stability to compounds.
Published Thin mica shows semiconducting behavior, say scientists in new study
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Muscovite mica (MuM) is a highly stable mineral that is commonly used as an insulator. However, the electrical properties of single-layer and few-layered MuM are not well understood. Now, a group of researchers reports and explains unusually high conductivity in MuM flakes that are only a few molecule layers thick. Their findings could open doors to the development of two-dimensional electronic devices that are robust against harsh environments.
Published Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease treatment shows promising early results
(via sciencedaily.com) A promising new treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has shown 'very encouraging' early results following its use in six patients.
Published Endangered deer's prion gene could protect it from chronic wasting disease
(via sciencedaily.com) China's Père David's deer was nearly gone in the late 1800s. Just 18 deer -- the very last of their kind -- were brought into captivity after the rest had been hunted to extinction. When 11 of the deer reproduced, the species had a chance. Today, after centuries of reintroductions and breeding under human care, the population sits at around 3,000. It's a success story. But that success could come crashing down if chronic wasting disease (CWD) were to infect the population.
Published How proteins help yeast adapt to changing conditions
(via sciencedaily.com) Proteins in the brain called prions are well known for their involvement in causing disease, but a new study suggests they may help yeast cope with rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Published Atomic-level imaging of lethal prions provide sharpened focus for potential treatments
(via sciencedaily.com) The highest-ever resolution imaging of an infectious prion provides the first atomic-level data of how these abnormal proteins are assembled to cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases in people and animals -- and how they can be potentially targeted by new therapies.
Published First all-human mouse model of inherited prion disease
(via sciencedaily.com) Human prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS). A new study reports a significant advance in the development of mouse models of human prion diseases. The study demonstrates spontaneous formation of disease-relevant, transmissible prion protein assemblies in mice bearing only human forms of the prion protein.
Published Unraveling one of prion disease's deadly secrets
(via sciencedaily.com) A professor of biochemistry and molecular biology report an unanticipated role for prion nucleation seeds that enhances their ability to appear and resist curing.
Published Household bleach inactivates chronic wasting disease prions
(via sciencedaily.com) A 5-minute soak in a 40% solution of household bleach decontaminated stainless steel wires coated with chronic wasting disease (CWD) prions, according to a new study. The scientists used the wires to model knives and saws that hunters and meat processors use when handling deer, elk and moose - all of which are susceptible to CWD.
Published Breakthrough in chronic wasting disease research reveals distinct deer, elk prion strains
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new gene-targeted approach to study chronic wasting disease in mice, allowing opportunities for research that has not previously existed.
Published Northeastern U.S. deer more susceptible to wasting disease than those to the west
(via sciencedaily.com) Some deer are more susceptible to chronic wasting disease that is spreading through herds of white-tailed deer across much of the United States, according to researchers, who have identified a panel of genetic markers that reliably predict which animals are most vulnerable to the contagious neurological disorder.
Published Retinal prion disease study redefines role for brain cells
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists studying the progression of inherited and infectious eye diseases that can cause blindness have found that microglia, a type of nervous system cell suspected to cause retinal damage, surprisingly had no damaging role during prion disease in mice. In contrast, the study findings indicated that microglia might delay disease progression.
Published New skin test detects prion infection before symptoms appear
(via sciencedaily.com) Prions can infect both humans and animals, causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, mad cow disease in cattle, and chronic wasting disease in elk and deer. The infectious, misfolded protein particles often go undetected as they destroy brain tissue, causing memory loss, mobility issues, and ultimately death. Preclinical detection of prions has proven difficult, but new research suggests skin samples hold early signs of prion disease that precede neurologic symptoms.
Published Amyloid pathology transmission in lab mice and historic medical treatments
(via sciencedaily.com) A study has confirmed that some vials of a hormone used in discontinued medical treatments contained seeds of a protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and are able to seed amyloid pathology in mice.
Published Soil compound fights chronic wasting disease
(via sciencedaily.com) A major compound in soil organic matter degrades chronic wasting disease prions and decreases infectivity in mice, according to a new study.