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Categories: Biology: Marine, Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published Designing roots to penetrate hard soils could help climate proof crops
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have discovered how to design cereal roots able to continue growing in hard soils by altering their ability to penetrate, enabling roots to access sources of water deeper in soil, and helping 'climate-proof' vital crops in response to changing UK rain fall patterns.
Published How stressed-out plants produce their own aspirin
(via sciencedaily.com) Plants protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid, also known as aspirin. A new understanding of this process may help plants survive increasing stress caused by climate change.
Published The best offense is a great defense for some carnivorous plants
(via sciencedaily.com) Insect-eating plants have fascinated biologists for more than a century, but how plants evolved the ability to capture and consume live prey has largely remained a mystery. Now,scientists have investigated the molecular basis of plant carnivory and found evidence that it evolved from mechanisms plants use to defend themselves.
Published Researchers create method for breaking down plant materials for earth-friendly energy
(via sciencedaily.com) With energy costs rising, and the rapidly emerging effects of burning fossil fuels on the global climate, the need has never been greater for researchers to find paths to products and fuels that are truly renewable.
Published Ozone depletion over North Pole produces weather anomalies
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have established that the destruction of ozone over the Arctic in the spring causes abnormal weather throughout the northern hemisphere, with many places being warmer and drier than average -- or too wet.
Published Research reveals why tackling particle pollution leads to rise in photochemical smog
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have discovered why reducing particle pollution is leading to a rise in photochemical smog in some emerging economies such as India, Africa and China.
Published Discovery reveals large, year-round ozone hole over tropics
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientist reveal a large, all-season ozone hole in the lower stratosphere over the tropics comparable in depth to that of the well-known springtime Antarctic hole, but roughly seven times greater in area. The observed data agree well with the cosmic-ray-driven electron reaction (CRE) model and strongly indicate the identical physical mechanism working for both Antarctic and tropical ozone holes.
Published Climate damage caused by growing space tourism needs urgent mitigation
(via sciencedaily.com) A formidable space tourism industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study.
Published Humans responsible for over 90% of world's oil slicks
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists mapping oil pollution across the Earth's oceans have found that more than 90% of chronic oil slicks come from human sources, a much higher proportion than previously estimated.
Published How much spring nitrogen to apply? Pre-planting weather may provide a clue
(via sciencedaily.com) With the rising cost of nitrogen fertilizer and its impacts on air and water quality, researchers want to help farmers make more informed fertilizer rate decisions. Their latest modeling effort aims to do that by examining the role of pre-growing season weather on soil nitrogen dynamics and end-of-season corn yield.
Published Less air pollution leads to higher crop yields
(via sciencedaily.com) New analysis shows crop yields could increase by about 25% in China and up to 10% in other parts of the world if emissions of a common air pollutant decreased by about half.
Published Research shows how Gulf of Mexico escaped ancient mass extinction
(via sciencedaily.com) An ancient bout of global warming 56 million years ago that acidified oceans and wiped-out marine life had a milder effect in the Gulf of Mexico, where life was sheltered by the basin's unique geology. The findings could help scientists determine how current climate change will affect marine life and aid in efforts to find deposits of oil and gas.
Published Oil spill remediation: Research confirms effectiveness of oil dispersants
(via sciencedaily.com) Chemical dispersants are some of the best tools to clean up after an oil spill. However, scientists do not fully understand how well they work. A new study validated their efficacy in order to better prepare for the next disaster.
Published Researchers develop new biobattery for hydrogen storage
(via sciencedaily.com) A team of microbiologists has succeeded in using bacteria for the controlled storage and release of hydrogen. This is an important step in the search for carbon-neutral energy sources in the interest of climate protection.
Published How ice clouds develop: Asian monsoon influences large parts of the Northern Hemisphere
(via sciencedaily.com) Atmospheric researchers have discovered a mechanism that allows nuclei for ice clouds to form and rapidly grow in the upper troposphere. Although the conditions for nucleus formation are only fulfilled in the Asian monsoon region, the mechanism is expected to have an impact on ice cloud formation across large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Published In poplars, two plant hormones boost each other in defense against pathogenic fungi
(via sciencedaily.com) In contrast to previous assumptions, the defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid do not always suppress each other in regulating plant chemical defenses against pests and pathogens. In trees, the interplay of both hormones can actually increase plant resistance.
Published Lesser known ozone layer's outsized role in planet warming
(via sciencedaily.com) New research has identified a lesser-known form of ozone playing a big role in heating the Southern Ocean -- one of Earth's main cooling systems.
Published With dwindling water supplies, the timing of rainfall matters
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study shows it's not how much extra water you give your plants, but when you give it that counts. Researchers observed that in summer, plants grow more when given extra water, in addition to any natural rainfall. However, the same is not true in winter.
Published Exposure assessment for Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Health outcomes
(via sciencedaily.com) Mathematicians have developed statistical methods that lay the framework for the crucial first step of determining whether there are any linkages between exposures and health outcomes from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which is considered the largest marine oil spill in the history of the U.S.
Published A 4 V-class metal-free organic lithium-ion battery gets closer to reality
(via sciencedaily.com) Organic, metal free, high-energy batteries are a pathway to a greener future. Yet scientists have struggled to find ways to boost the voltage in organic lithium-ion batteries. Now, a study has proposed a small organic molecule known as croconic acid that can maintain a working voltage of around 4 Volts.