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Categories: Biology: Biochemistry, Physics: General
Published How jellyfish regenerate functional tentacles in days
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source At about the size of a pinkie nail, the jellyfish species Cladonema can regenerate an amputated tentacle in two to three days -- but how? Regenerating functional tissue across species, including salamanders and insects, relies on the ability to form a blastema, a clump of undifferentiated cells that can repair damage and grow into the missing appendage. Jellyfish, along with other cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones, exhibit high regeneration abilities, but how they form the critical blastema has remained a mystery until now.
Published Laser-driving a 2D material
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Engineers pair vibrating particles, called phonons, with particles of light, called photons, to enhance the nonlinear optical properties of hexagonal boron nitride.
Published How technology and economics can help save endangered species
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A lot has changed in the world since the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted 50 years ago in December 1973. Experts are now discuss how the ESA has evolved and what its future might hold.
Published Researchers map how measles virus spreads in human brain
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers mapped how the measles virus mutated and spread in the brain of a person who succumbed to a rare, lethal brain disease. New cases of this disease, which is a complication of the measles virus, may occur as measles reemerges among the unvaccinated, say researchers.
Published GPCR structure: Research reveals molecular origins of function for a key drug target
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists reveal how G protein-coupled receptors, major therapeutic drug targets, decode critical properties of their ligands.
Published Five new species of soft-furred hedgehogs from Southeast Asia
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study identifies five new species of soft-furred hedgehogs from Southeast Asia. The study used DNA analysis and physical characteristics to describe two entirely new species of soft-furred hedgehogs and elevate three subspecies to the level of species.
Published New tool unifies single-cell data
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new methodology that allows for the categorization and organization of single-cell data has been launched. It can be used to create a harmonized dataset for the study of human health and disease.
Published Location, location, location: The hidden power of intracellular neighborhoods
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New findings provide details about the hidden organization of the cytoplasm, showing it makes a big difference where in that cellular broth that messenger RNA (mRNA) get translated into proteins. The findings hold promise for increasing or altering the production of proteins in mRNA vaccines and therapies.
Published Inside the matrix: Nanoscale patterns revealed within model research organism
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Following years of research and the power of a technologically advanced instrument, scientists have detailed the complex nanoscale exoskeleton patterns of the roundworm, a model laboratory organism, revealing clues about how skin layers are bound together.
Published The future of canine stem cell therapy: unprecedented, painless, and feeder-free
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have developed an efficient, non-invasive, and pain-free method to generate canine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). They identified six reprogramming genes that can boost canine iPSC generation by 120 times compared to conventional methods using fibroblasts. The iPSCs were created from urine-derived cells without the need for feeder cells, an impossible feat until now. Their findings are expected to advance regenerative medicine and genetic disease research in veterinary medicine.
Published The key mechanism to cell growth has been elucidated
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have discovered how amino acids activate a key cell, TORC1, which is a master regulator in living organisms that controls whether cells grow or recycle their contents in yeast. Notably, the team found that the amino acid cysteine is sensed by a protein called Pib2 and that the two bind together to trigger TORC1. This is important because faulty TORC1 has been linked to disease such as cancer.
Published Insects already had a variety of defense strategies in the Cretaceous
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Analyses of amber show that insect larvae were already using a wide variety of tactics to protect themselves from predators 100 million years ago.
Published Bugs that help bugs: How environmental microbes boost fruit fly reproduction
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A research group found that in female fruit flies, microorganisms enhance reproductive function, boosting the number of cells that form eggs and the number of mature eggs. This is done by controlling the release of hormones to speed up cell division in the ovaries, and limiting programmed cell death. These findings could improve reproductive medicine and could aid the development of new methods to enhance fertility.
Published Researchers solve mystery behind DnaA protein's role in DNA replication initiation
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have uncovered how DnaA, the master key to DNA replication, opens the door to bacterial growth. This breakthroughpaves the way for new antibiotics to combat the rising tide of antibiotic resistance.
Published New insights revealed on tissue-dependent roles of JAK signaling in inflammation
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the nuanced roles of JAK inhibitors, or modulators, in inflammation across various cell types and tissues.
Published Blue PHOLEDs: Final color of efficient OLEDs finally viable in lighting
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Lights could soon use the full color suite of perfectly efficient organic light-emitting diodes, or OLEDs, that last tens of thousands of hours. The new phosphorescent OLEDs, commonly referred to as PHOLEDs, can maintain 90% of the blue light intensity for 10-14 times longer than other designs that emit similar deep blue colors. That kind of lifespan could finally make blue PHOLEDs hardy enough to be commercially viable in lights that meet the Department of Energy's 50,000-hour lifetime target. Without a stable blue PHOLED, OLED lights need to use less-efficient technology to create white light.
Published Unconventional magnets: Stress reduces frustration
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source An international research team recently demonstrated how magnetism can be actively changed by pressure.
Published How researchers are 'CReATiNG' synthetic chromosomes faster and cheaper
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new technique to clone and reassemble DNA, dubbed CReATiNG, could simplify and lower the cost to make synthetic chromosomes. Potential applications are numerous, including pharmaceutical production, biofuel generation, cancer therapies, and environmental cleanup using modified organisms. The method adds a powerful, versatile tool to the burgeoning field of synthetic biology.
Published Discovery: Plants use 'Trojan horse' to fight mold invasions
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have discovered that plants send tiny, innocuous-seeming lipid 'bubbles' filled with RNA across enemy lines, into the cells of the aggressive mold. Once inside, different types of RNA come out to suppress the infectious cells that sucked them in.
Published Shedding light on the microbiome and kidney stones
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study has found changes in the microbiome in multiple locations in the body are linked to the formation of kidney stones.