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Categories: Anthropology: Cultures, Mathematics: Modeling
Published Evolution wired human brains to act like supercomputers
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have confirmed that human brains are naturally wired to perform advanced calculations, much like a high-powered computer, to make sense of the world through a process known as Bayesian inference.
Published Images of simulated cities help artificial intelligence to understand real streetscapes
(via sciencedaily.com) To address the lack of suitable training data for deep-learning semantic segmentation models in urban landscaping, researchers developed a method that generates a training dataset without the need for real images or a model of an existing city. The method, which is based on procedural modelling and image-to-image techniques, enables segmentation models to achieve comparable performance under some conditions at a fraction of the cost of real dataset generation.
Published New super-fast flood model has potentially life-saving benefits
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new simulation model, which can predict flooding during an ongoing disaster more quickly and accurately than currently possible.
Published Online AI-based test for Parkinson's disease severity shows promising results
(via sciencedaily.com) A new artificial intelligence tool can help people with Parkinson's disease remotely assess the severity of their symptoms within minutes. While expert neurologists performed slightly better than the AI model, the AI model outperformed the primary care physicians with UPDRS certification.
Published St Helena's 'liberated' Africans came from West Central Africa between northern Angola and Gabon
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Between 1840 and 1867, thousands of enslaved Africans who had been 'liberated' from slave ships intercepted by the British Royal Navy were taken to the South Atlantic island of St Helena. But little is written in history books or otherwise known about the lives of these individuals. Now, ancient DNA analyses offer the first direct evidence for the origins of St Helena's liberated Africans.
Published Researchers use AI to find new magnetic materials without critical elements
(via sciencedaily.com) A team of scientists developed a new machine learning model for discovering critical-element-free permanent magnet materials based on the predicted Curie temperature of new material combinations.
Published Surpassing the human eye: Machine learning image analysis rapidly determines chemical mixture composition
(via sciencedaily.com) Machine learning model provides quick method for determining the composition of solid chemical mixtures using only photographs of the sample.
Published Malaysian rock art found to depict elite -- Indigenous conflict
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have dated drawings of Gua Sireh Cave in Sarawak, uncovering a sad story of conflict in the process.
Published Spear thrower weapon use by prehistoric females equalized the division of labor while hunting
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study has demonstrated that the atlatl (i.e. spear thrower) functions as an 'equalizer', a finding which supports women's potential active role as prehistoric hunters.
Published Ancient metal cauldrons give us clues about what people ate in the Bronze Age
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Archaeologists have long been drawing conclusions about how ancient tools were used by the people who crafted them based on written records and context clues. But with dietary practices, they have had to make assumptions about what was eaten and how it was prepared. A new study analyzed protein residues from ancient cooking cauldrons and found that the people of Caucasus ate deer, sheep, goats, and members of the cow family during the Maykop period (3700--2900 BCE).
Published Unveiling Japan's ancient practice of cranial modification: The case of the Hirota people in Tanegashima
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Cranial modification is a form of body alteration where the head is pressed or bound to permanently deform the skull. The practice has been reported across various cultures throughout history. Researchers report that the Hirota people -- who lived on the southern Japanese island of Tanegashima between the 3rd to 7th century CE -- also conducted cranial modification, with indication that both males and females performed the practice.
Published AI models are powerful, but are they biologically plausible?
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers hypothesize that a powerful type of AI model known as a transformer could be implemented in the brain through networks of neuron and astrocyte cells. The work could offer insights into how the brain works and help scientists understand why transformers are so effective at machine-learning tasks.
Published Researchers use mathematical modeling and dynamic biomarkers to characterize metastatic disease during adaptive therapy
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers demonstrate how mathematical modeling combined with dynamic biomarkers can be used to characterize metastatic disease and identify appropriate therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.
Published Distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division
(via sciencedaily.com) A mathematical model provides new insights into the distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division
Published Artificial intelligence designs advanced materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists pioneer a new machine learning model for corrosion-resistant alloy design.
Published Tool finds bias in state-of-the-art generative AI model
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers introduce a new tool to measure bias in text-to-image AI generation models, which they have used to quantify bias in the state-of-the-art model Stable Diffusion.
Published Turning ChatGPT into a 'chemistry assistant'
(via sciencedaily.com) Developing new materials requires significant time and labor, but some chemists are now hopeful that artificial intelligence (AI) could one day shoulder much of this burden. In a new study, a team prompted a popular AI model, ChatGPT, to perform one particularly time-consuming task: searching scientific literature. With that data, they built a second tool, a model to predict experimental results.
Published New research links early Europeans' cultural and genetic development over several thousand years
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new DNA study has nuanced the picture of how different groups intermingled during the European Stone Age, but also how certain groups of people were actually isolated. Researchers produced new genetic data from 56 Central and Eastern European individuals from the Stone Age.
Published New model reduces bias and enhances trust in AI decision-making and knowledge organization
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new explainable artificial intelligence (AI) model to reduce bias and enhance trust and accuracy in machine learning-generated decision-making and knowledge organization.
Published Self-supervised AI learns physics to reconstruct microscopic images from holograms
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have unveiled an artificial intelligence-based model for computational imaging and microscopy without training with experimental objects or real data. The team introduced a self-supervised AI model nicknamed GedankenNet that learns from physics laws and thought experiments. Informed only by the laws of physics that universally govern the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space, the researchers taught their AI model to reconstruct microscopic images using only random artificial holograms -- synthesized solely from 'imagination' without relying on any real-world experiments, actual sample resemblances or real data.