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Categories: Environmental: Ecosystems, Mathematics: Modeling
Published Half of replanted tropical trees don't survive
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source On average, about half of trees planted in tropical and sub-tropical forest restoration efforts do not survive more than five years, but there is enormous variation in outcomes, new research has found.
Published Scientists promote FAIR standards for managing artificial intelligence models
(via sciencedaily.com) Computational scientists adopt new framework for making AI models more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.
Published Study uncovers widespread and ongoing clearcutting of Swedish old forests
(via sciencedaily.com) Almost one fourth of Sweden's last unprotected old-growth forest was logged between 2003 and 2019. At this rate, all of these ecologically unique and valuable forests will be lost in about 50 years. These findings add to the growing body of evidence for widespread cryptic forest degradation across the global north.
Published Tropical cyclones act as 'massive heat pumps' that fuel extreme heat
(via sciencedaily.com) Extreme heat often follows tropical cyclones, which can complicate disaster recovery even further, researchers have found.
Published Sea urchins keep on trucking while other marine life languishes in the Florida Keys
(via sciencedaily.com) A litany of negative environmental pressures have had little to no effect on sand dollars and heart urchins in the Florida Keys, a new study shows. Scientists arrived at this unexpected conclusion after surveying 27 sites along a 20-mile stretch of coast near Long Key island. Five of the seven most common species known to inhabit the Florida Keys were present and accounted for in the survey and formed robust populations at varying depths.
Published The importance of light for grassland plant diversity
(via sciencedaily.com) Plants need light to grow. However, due to excess nutrients and/or the absence of herbivores less light can reach lower vegetation layers in grasslands. Consequently, few fast-growing species dominate and plant diversity declines. So far, this relationship has been established indirectly through experiments, but never directly by means of experimentally adding light in the field. Now biologists have been able to experimentally demonstrate the dominant role of light competition.
Published Invasive fruit fly may pose threat to forest ecosystems
(via sciencedaily.com) The invasive spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a well-known pest in agriculture. A recent study by Swiss scientists now shows that the forest ecosystem is also affected by this alien insect. SWD infests the fruits of various forest plants and competes with other fruit-eating species. The decay of fruits attacked by SWD leads to a loss of resources, which can cause considerable ecological damage.
Published How network pruning can skew deep learning models
(via sciencedaily.com) Computer science researchers have demonstrated that a widely used technique called neural network pruning can adversely affect the performance of deep learning models, detailed what causes these performance problems, and demonstrated a technique for addressing the challenge.
Published Machine learning, from you
(via sciencedaily.com) Many computer systems people interact with on a daily basis require knowledge about certain aspects of the world, or models, to work. These systems have to be trained, often needing to learn to recognize objects from video or image data. This data often contains superfluous content that reduces the accuracy of models. So researchers found a way to incorporate natural hand gestures into the teaching process. This way, users can more easily teach machines about objects, and the machines can also learn more effectively.
Published Mathematicians explain how some fireflies flash in sync
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study by mathematicians shows that math borrowed from neuroscience can describe how swarms of these unique insects coordinate their light show, capturing key details about how they behave in the wild.
Published Antarctic summer thaw starts earlier, ends later than previously believed
(via sciencedaily.com) New research changes our understanding of seasonal thawing in parts of Antarctica, as scientists have learned that summer thawing occurs nearly a month earlier, and stays thawed for a full two months longer than previously believed.
Published Socio-economic factors shown to drive mangrove losses and gains
(via sciencedaily.com) New research into the drivers of mangrove loss over the past 20 years has revealed that most of the degradation can be attributed to socio-economic and biophysical factors, with mangrove cover increasing in some areas.
Published Vegetation regulates energy exchange in the Arctic
(via sciencedaily.com) Global warming is changing the Arctic by causing permafrost thaw, glacier melt, droughts, fires and changes in vegetation. These developments are strongly linked to the energy exchange between land and the atmosphere. Researchers have now shown that different plant communities in the tundra play a key role in this energy exchange but are not taken into account in climate models.
Published A faster experiment to find and study topological materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have found an efficient way to identify 'topological' materials, whose surfaces can have different electrical or functional properties than their interiors. The approach should make it easier uncover materials that could be the basis of next-generation computer chips or quantum devices.
Published NASA laser project benefits animal researchers
(via sciencedaily.com) NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission can provide valuable information about the world's forests for wildlife scientists.
Published Companies' 'deforestation-free' supply chain pledges have barely impacted forest clearance in the Amazon, researchers say
(via sciencedaily.com) More companies must make and implement zero-deforestation supply chain commitments in order to significantly reduce deforestation and protect diverse ecosystems, say researchers.
Published El Niño increases seedling mortality even in drought-tolerant forests
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists conducted a 7-year study on seedling recruitment and mortality in a national park in Chiang Mai, in northern Thailand. During the study period, an extremely strong El Niño event occurred, leading to a stronger and longer drought than normal. Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs), which experience an annual dry season, are considered drought-tolerant. Nevertheless, the study found that seedling mortality increased in SDTFs when severe and prolonged drought occurred.
Published Rewards only promote cooperation if the other person also learns about them
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers show that reputation plays a key role in determining which rewarding policies people adopt. Using game theory, they explain why individuals learn to use rewards to specifically promote good behavior.
Published Unveiling the dimensionality of complex networks through hyperbolic geometry
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Reducing redundant information to find simplifying patterns in data sets and complex networks is a scientific challenge in many knowledge fields. Moreover, detecting the dimensionality of the data is still a hard-to-solve problem. A new article presents a method to infer the dimensionality of complex networks through the application of hyperbolic geometrics, which capture the complexity of relational structures of the real world in many diverse domains.
Published Mathematical modeling suggests U.S. counties are still unprepared for COVID spikes
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source America was unprepared for the magnitude of the pandemic, which overwhelmed many counties and filled some hospitals to capacity. A new study suggests there may have been a mathematical method, of sorts, to the madness of those early COVID days.