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Categories: Mathematics: Modeling, Physics: Optics
Published New method for generating spinning thermal radiation uncovered
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of thermal radiation, uncovering a new method for generating spinning thermal radiation in a controlled and efficient manner using artificially structured surfaces, known as metasurfaces.
Published Entangled atoms cross quantum network from one lab to another
(via sciencedaily.com) Trapped ions have previously only been entangled in one and the same laboratory. Now, teams have entangled two ions over a distance of 230 meters. The nodes of this network were housed in two labs at the Campus Technik to the west of Innsbruck, Austria. The experiment shows that trapped ions are a promising platform for future quantum networks that span cities and eventually continents.
Published Researchers devise a new path toward 'quantum light'
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have theorized a new mechanism to generate high-energy 'quantum light', which could be used to investigate new properties of matter at the atomic scale.
Published Passive radiative cooling can now be controlled electrically
(via sciencedaily.com) Energy-efficient ways of cooling buildings and vehicles will be required in a changing climate. Researchers have now shown that electrical tuning of passive radiative cooling can be used to control temperatures of a material at ambient temperatures and air pressure.
Published New approach to 'punishment and reward' method of training artificial intelligence offers potential key to unlock new treatments for aggressive cancers
(via sciencedaily.com) A new 'outside-the-box' method of teaching artificial intelligence (AI) models to make decisions could provide hope for finding new therapeutic methods for cancer, according to a new study.
Published To know where the birds are going, researchers turn to citizen science and machine learning
(via sciencedaily.com) Computer scientists recently announced a new, predictive model that is capable of accurately forecasting where a migratory bird will go next -- one of the most difficult tasks in biology. The model is called BirdFlow, and while it is still being perfected, it should be available to scientists within the year and will eventually make its way to the general public.
Published Plasma-Structural Coloring: A new colorful approach to an inkless future
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New developments for achieving structural coloring through plasma irradiation of graphite can reduce the reliance upon harmful color dyes. Colors achieved by plasma irradiation are completely erasable and can be manipulated using time exposed to the plasma irradiation, intensity of the irradiation and the thickness of the graphite layer applied. The application of plasma-structural coloring aims to lessen the environmental toll typical adverse dyes have and combat them with the technology surrounding structural colors.
Published Researchers take a step toward novel quantum simulators
(via sciencedaily.com) If scaled up successfully, the team's new system could help answer questions about certain kinds of superconductors and other unusual states of matter.
Published 'Ghostly mirrors' for high-power lasers
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Laser-driven 'mirrors' capable of reflecting or manipulating light have been produced.
Published Outlook for the blue economy
(via sciencedaily.com) A handful of hyper-productive fisheries provide sustenance to a billion people and employ tens of millions. These fisheries occur on the eastern edges of the world's oceans -- off the West Coast of the U.S., the Canary Islands, Peru, Chile, and Benguela. There, a process called upwelling brings cold water and nutrients to the surface, which in turn supports large numbers of larger sea creatures that humans depend on for sustenance. A new project is seeking to understand how changes to the climate and oceans will impact fisheries in the U.S. and around the world.
Published A butterfly flaps its wings and scientists make jewelry
(via sciencedaily.com) In the 'butterfly effect,' an insect can flap its wings and create a microscopic change in initial conditions that leads to a hurricane halfway around the world. This chaos is seen everywhere, from weather to labor markets to brain dynamics. And now researchers explored how to turn the twisting, fractal structures behind the science into jewelry with 3D printing. The jewelry shapes are based on the Chua circuit, a simple electronic system that was the first physical, mathematical, and experimental proof of chaos.
Published First computational reconstruction of a virus in its biological entirety
(via sciencedaily.com) A researcher has created a computer reconstruction of a virus, including its complete native genome. Although other researchers have created similar reconstructions, this is believed to be the first to replicate the exact chemical and 3D structure of a 'live' virus.
Published Researchers use AI to triage patients with chest pain
(via sciencedaily.com) Artificial intelligence (AI) may help improve care for patients who show up at the hospital with acute chest pain, according to a new study.
Published AI improves detail, estimate of urban air pollution
(via sciencedaily.com) Using artificial intelligence, engineers have simplified and reinforced models that accurately calculate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) -- the soot, dust and exhaust emitted by trucks and cars that get into human lungs -- contained in urban air pollution.
Published Computer models determine drug candidate's ability to bind to proteins
(via sciencedaily.com) Combing computational physics with experimental data, researchers have developed computer models for determining a drug candidate's ability to target and bind to proteins within cells.
Published Project aims to expand language technologies
(via sciencedaily.com) Only a fraction of the 7,000 to 8,000 languages spoken around the world benefit from modern language technologies like voice-to-text transcription, automatic captioning, instantaneous translation and voice recognition. Researchers want to expand the number of languages with automatic speech recognition tools available to them from around 200 to potentially 2,000.
Published New approach to epidemic modeling could speed up pandemic simulations
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers are employing sparsification, a method from graph theory and computer science, to identify which links in a network are the most important for the spread of disease.
Published Modelling the collective movement of bacteria
(via sciencedaily.com) A new paper presents a mathematical model for the motion of bacteria that includes cell division and death, the basic ingredients of the cell cycle.
Published Characters' actions in movie scripts reflect gender stereotypes
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a novel machine-learning framework that uses scene descriptions in movie scripts to automatically recognize different characters' actions. Applying the framework to hundreds of movie scripts showed that these actions tend to reflect widespread gender stereotypes, some of which are found to be consistent across time.
Published Should we tax robots?
(via sciencedaily.com) A small tax on robots, as well as on trade generally, will help reduce income inequality in the U.S., according to economists.