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Categories: Geoscience: Volcanoes, Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published Hidden weaknesses within volcanoes may cause volcano collapse
(via sciencedaily.com) Lava domes form at the top of many volcanoes when viscous lava erupts. When they become unstable, they can collapse and cause a hazard. An international team of researchers has analyzed summit dome instabilities at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. The researchers hope that by understanding the inner processes, volcano collapses can be better forecasted.
Published Transparent ultrasound chip improves cell stimulation and imaging
(via sciencedaily.com) Ultrasound scans -- best known for monitoring pregnancies or imaging organs -- can also be used to stimulate cells and direct cell function. A team of researchers has developed an easier, more effective way to harness the technology for biomedical applications.
Published Low-cost, 3D printed device may broaden focused ultrasound use
(via sciencedaily.com) Medical researchers have developed a method for producing a low-cost, easy-to-use focused ultrasound device that can help open up the blood-brain barrier for non-invasive procedures and diagnostics.
Published Musicians, chemists use sound to better understand science
(via sciencedaily.com) A team of researchers from music, chemistry and computer science is using sound to better understand biochemical processes such as the physical mechanisms of protein folding.
Published Speed of sound used to measure elasticity of materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have devised a revolutionary new technique for measuring the microscopic elasticity of materials. Known as SRAS, the technology works by measuring the speed of sound across the material's surface.
Published Pink pumice key to revealing explosive power of underwater volcanic eruptions
(via sciencedaily.com) The presence of pink pumice in the giant pumice raft of the 2012 Havre that drifted across the southwest Pacific Ocean has led researchers to recognize the immense power of underwater volcanic eruptions.
Published Balancing sustainability, safety and comfort in engineered floor slabs
(via sciencedaily.com) Using less material in floors is a viable strategy for improving sustainability in buildings, as it can reduce the structure's environmental footprint. Prioritizing only this goal, however, can lead to unwanted effects -- such as an echo in a room or noise traveling between floors, according to architectural engineers.
Published A new amplifying technique for weak and noisy signals
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have demonstrated a technique for the recovery of weak, noise-dominated optical signals.
Published Ultrasound technique predicts hip dysplasia in infants
(via sciencedaily.com) A technique that uses ultrasound images to determine the depth and shape of the hip socket can accurately predict which infants with hip dysplasia will develop normal hip structure and which remain dysplastic, according to a new study. Researchers said statistical shape modeling improves on existing techniques and could spare many infants from unnecessary treatment.
Published Is Vesuvius taking an extended siesta?
(via sciencedaily.com) Located near Naples, Italy, Vesuvius last had a violent eruption in 1944, towards the end of the Second World War. It could be a few hundred years before another dangerous, explosive eruption occurs, suggests a new study by volcano experts.
Published Mount Etna’s exceptional CO2 emissions are triggered by deep carbon dioxide reservoirs
(via sciencedaily.com) Magma transports carbon dioxide stored in the Earth's mantle to volcanoes, where it is released into the atmosphere. A research team now presents results obtained using a new methodology to clarify the contribution of volcanoes to natural CO2 emissions.
Published When graphene speaks, scientists can now listen
(via sciencedaily.com) Brothers working in a lab discover that sound can be used to analyze the properties of laser-induced graphene in real time.
Published 2020 volcanic eruption leads to hours-long thunderstorm
(via sciencedaily.com) A study discusses how advances in global lightning detection have provided novel ways to characterize explosive volcanism.
Published Owl wing design reduces aircraft, wind turbine noise pollution
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers used the characteristics of owl wings to inform airfoil design and significantly reduce trailing-edge noise. The team used noise calculation and analysis software to conduct a series of detailed theoretical studies of simplified airfoils with characteristics reminiscent of owl wings. They applied their findings to suppress the noise of rotating machinery. Improving the flow conditions around the trailing edge and optimizing the shape of the edge suppressed the noise.
Published Powerful volcanic blast not the cause for 2018 Indonesian island collapse
(via sciencedaily.com) The dramatic collapse of Indonesia's Anak Krakatau volcano in December 2018 resulted from long-term destabilising processes, and was not triggered by any distinct changes in the magmatic system that could have been detected by current monitoring techniques, new research has found.
Published The first topological acoustic transistor
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have designed and simulated the first topological acoustic transistors -- with sound waves instead of electrons -- and proposed a connection architecture to form a universal logic gate that can switch the flow of sound on and off.
Published New research sheds light on how ultrasound could be used to treat psychiatric disorders
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study has shown how the brain gives credit to events, along with how transcranial ultrasound (TUS) can disrupt this process. While currently developed in an animal model, this line of research and the use of TUS could one day be applied to clinical research to tackle conditions such as addiction.
Published Gunfire or plastic bag popping? Trained computer can tell the difference
(via sciencedaily.com) Engineering researchers have developed a gunshot detection algorithm and classification model that can discern similar sounds such as gunfire or a plastic bag popping. Discerning between a dangerous audio event like a gun firing and a non-life-threatening event, such as a plastic bag bursting, can mean the difference between life and death. Additionally, it also can determine whether or not to deploy public safety workers. Humans, as well as computers, often confuse the sounds of a plastic bag popping and real gunshot sounds.
Published CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing boosts effectiveness of ultrasound cancer therapy
(via sciencedaily.com) Sonodynamic therapy uses ultrasound in combination with drugs to release harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of a tumor. However, the treatment isn't very effective because cancer cells can activate antioxidant defense systems to counteract it. Now, researchers have breached these defenses with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, allowing sonodynamic therapy to effectively shrink tumors in a mouse model of liver cancer.
Published Physicists discovered special transverse sound wave
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has discovered a new type of sound wave: the airborne sound wave vibrates transversely and carries both spin and orbital angular momentum like light does. The findings shattered scientists' previous beliefs about the sound wave, opening an avenue to the development of novel applications in acoustic communications, acoustic sensing and imaging.